https://thampibook.com/go-exchange-id/

At its core, an exchange in Go happens when both players trade some form of advantage, such as territory, influence, or stones. The fundamental idea behind exchanges is to find trades that are beneficial for your long-term position while minimizing the loss of key resources. A simple example of an exchange might occur when a player sacrifices a group of stones in one area of the board in exchange for gaining control over a large area of the board in another region. These trades can be local, affecting only a specific part of the board, or global, influencing the overall balance of the game.